The following illustrates that
poets of the canon used to name names, criticizing other poets. One does
not see this at all in today's world of poesy. Note the bold printed
verse. Text taken from
http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poet/45.html.
Don Juan: Dedication
Difficile est proprie communia
dicere
HOR.
Epist. ad Pison
I
1Bob
Southey! You're a poet--Poet-laureate,
2 And
representative of all the race;
3Although 'tis true
that you turn'd out a Tory at
4 Last--yours has
lately been a common case;
5And now, my Epic
Renegade! what are ye at?
6 With all
the Lakers, in and out of place?
7A nest of tuneful
persons, to my eye
8Like "four and
twenty Blackbirds in a pye;
II
9"Which pye being
open'd they began to sing"
10 (This old song
and new simile holds good),
11"A dainty
dish to set before the King,"
12 Or
Regent, who admires such kind of food;
13And
Coleridge, too, has lately taken wing,
14 But
like a hawk encumber'd with his hood,
15Explaining
Metaphysics to the nation--
16I wish he
would explain his Explanation.
III
17You, Bob! are rather
insolent, you know,
18 At being
disappointed in your wish
19To supersede all
warblers here below,
20 And be the only
Blackbird in the dish;
21And then you
overstrain yourself, or so,
22 And tumble
downward like the flying fish
23Gasping on deck,
because you soar too high, Bob,
24And
fall, for lack of moisture quite a-dry, Bob!
IV
25And
Wordsworth, in a rather long "Excursion"
26 (I think the
quarto holds five hundred pages),
27Has given a sample
from the vasty version
28 Of his new
system to perplex the sages;
29'Tis poetry--at least
by his assertion,
30 And may appear
so when the dog-star rages--
31And he who
understands it would be able
32To add a story to the
Tower of Babel.
V
33You--Gentlemen! by
dint of long seclusion
34 From better
company, have kept your own
35At Keswick, and,
through still continu'd fusion
36 Of one another's
minds, at last have grown
37To deem as a most
logical conclusion,
38 That Poesy has
wreaths for you alone:
39There is a narrowness
in such a notion,
40Which makes me wish
you'd change your lakes for Ocean.
VI
41I would not imitate
the petty thought,
42 Nor coin my
self-love to so base a vice,
43For all the glory
your conversion brought,
44 Since gold alone
should not have been its price.
45You have
your salary; was't for that you wrought?
46 And
Wordsworth has his place in the Excise.
47You're
shabby fellows--true--but poets still,
48And duly seated on
the Immortal Hill.
VII
49Your bays may hide
the baldness of your brows--
50 Perhaps some
virtuous blushes--let them go--
51To you I envy neither
fruit nor boughs--
52 And for the fame
you would engross below,
53The field is
universal, and allows
54 Scope to all
such as feel the inherent glow:
55Scott,
Rogers, Campbell, Moore and Crabbe, will try
56'Gainst you the
question with posterity.
VIII
57For me, who,
wandering with pedestrian Muses,
58 Contend not with
you on the winged steed,
59I wish your fate may
yield ye, when she chooses,
60 The fame you
envy, and the skill you need;
61And,
recollect, a poet nothing loses
62 In
giving to his brethren their full meed
63Of merit,
and complaint of present days
64Is not the
certain path to future praise.
IX
65He that reserves his
laurels for posterity
66 (Who does not
often claim the bright reversion)
67Has generally no
great crop to spare it, he
68 Being only
injur'd by his own assertion;
69And although here and
there some glorious rarity
70 Arise
like Titan from the sea's immersion,
71The major part of
such appellants go
72To--God knows
where--for no one else can know.
X
73If,
fallen in evil days on evil tongues,
74 Milton appeal'd
to the Avenger, Time,
75If Time, the Avenger,
execrates his wrongs,
76 And makes the
word "Miltonic" mean "sublime,"
77He deign'd not
to belie his soul in songs,
78 Nor turn his
very talent to a crime;
79He
did not loathe the Sire to laud the Son,
80But clos'd the
tyrant-hater he begun.
XI
81Think'st thou, could
he--the blind Old Man--arise
82 Like
Samuel from the grave, to freeze once more
83The blood of monarchs
with his prophecies
84 Or be alive
again--again all hoar
85With time and trials,
and those helpless eyes,
86 And heartless
daughters--worn--and pale--and poor;
87Would he adore
a sultan? he obey
88The
intellectual eunuch Castlereagh?
XII
89Cold-blooded, smooth-fac'd,
placid miscreant!
90 Dabbling
its sleek young hands in Erin's gore,
91And thus for wider
carnage taught to pant,
92 Transferr'd to
gorge upon a sister shore,
93The vulgarest tool
that Tyranny could want,
94 With just enough
of talent, and no more,
95To lengthen fetters
by another fix'd,
96And offer poison long
already mix'd.
XIII
97An
orator of such set trash of phrase
98 Ineffably--legitimately
vile,
99That even its
grossest flatterers dare not praise,
100 Nor foes--all
nations--condescend to smile,
101Not even a sprightly
blunder's spark can blaze
102 From
that Ixion grindstone's ceaseless toil,
103That turns and turns
to give the world a notion
104Of endless torments
and perpetual motion.
XIV
105A bungler even in its
disgusting trade,
106 And botching,
patching, leaving still behind
107Something of which its
masters are afraid,
108 States to be
curb'd, and thoughts to be confin'd,
109Conspiracy or Congress
to be made--
110 Cobbling at
manacles for all mankind--
111A tinkering
slave-maker, who mends old chains,
112With God and Man's
abhorrence for its gains.
XV
113If we may judge of
matter by the mind,
114 Emasculated to
the marrow It
115Hath but two objects,
how to serve, and bind,
116 Deeming the chain
it wears even men may fit,
117Eutropius
of its many masters, blind
118 To worth as
freedom, wisdom as to Wit,
119Fearless--because
no feeling dwells in ice,
120Its very courage
stagnates to a vice.
XVI
121Where shall I turn me
not to view its bonds,
122 For I will never
feel them?--Italy!
123Thy late reviving
Roman soul desponds
124 Beneath the lie
this State-thing breath'd o'er thee--
125Thy clanking chain,
and Erin's yet green wounds,
126 Have
voices--tongues to cry aloud for me.
127Europe has
slaves--allies--kings--armies still,
128And Southey lives to
sing them very ill.
XVII
129Meantime--Sir
Laureate--I proceed to dedicate,
130 In honest simple
verse, this song to you,
131And, if in flattering
strains I do not predicate,
132 'Tis
that I still retain my "buff and blue";
133My politics as yet are
all to educate:
134 Apostasy's so
fashionable, too,
135To keep one
creed's a task grown quite Herculean;
136Is
it not so, my Tory, ultra-Julian?
Notes
1] Byron began
the poem in July 1818, and the first two cantos were published in July 1819. It
continued to appear in instalments of two or three cantos until March 1824, the
month before his death. The Dedication, although written in 1818, was withheld
and did not appear until 1833. The fragment of Canto the Seventeenth was first
printed by E. H. Coleridge in 1903. Byron's letters are full of the most varied
comments on Don Juan: in his first reference it is "meant to be a
little quietly fa&cetious on everything"; in another it is "the sublime
of that there sort of writing .... It may be profligate but is it not
life, is it not the thing?" To his publisher he calls it "a
Satire on abuses of the present states of Society" and improvises
a prospectus for its future development: "to how many cantos this may extend, I
know not, nor whether (even if I live) I shall complete it; but this was my
notion: I meant to have made him a Cavalier Servente in Italy, and a
cause for divorce in England, and a Sentimental 'Werther-faced man' in Germany,
so as to show the different ridicules of the society in each of those countries,
and to have displayed him gradually gŕté, and blasé as he grew
older, as was natural. But I had not quite fixed whether to make him end in
Hell, or in an unhappy marriage, not knowing which would be the severest. The
Spanish tradition says Hell: but it is probably only an Allegory of the other
state." #Difficile est propere communia dicere. This motto (from Horace's
Epist. ad Pisones, II, iii, 128) is attached to the first edition both of
Cantos I and II, and of III, IV, and V. Byron's footnote to his Hints from
Horace, 183, discusses differences of opinion as to its meaning, and he
himself made two rather different couplets out of it: "'Tis hard to venture
where our betters fail/Or lend fresh interest to a twice-told tale" and "Whate'er
the critic says or poet sings,/'Tis no slight task to write on common things."
Poet-laureate. In 1813 Southey was appointed Poet Laureate to succeed Pye.
5] Epic Renegade.
Byron often satirized both Southey's epic pretensions (see English Bards and
Scotch Reviewers, 189-234) and his conservative reaction from the radical
views of his youth. He also believed that Southey had spread personal
scandal about him.
6]
Lakers. Southey, Wordsworth, and (occasionally) Coleridge lived in the Lake
District, and Wordsworth often used it as a setting for his poetry. Hence the
loose designation "Lake Poets," which the Edinburgh Review helped to popularize.
12] Regent.
George III's madness made necessary the Regency Act of February 1811, by which
the Prince of Wales became Regent.
13]
taken wing: probably refers to the publication of the Biographia Literaria
in 1817, which confirmed Coleridge's reputation for obscurity.
24]
quite a-dry, Bob: refers not merely to the dullness of
Southey's work, but also to its sterility, a "dry bob" being current slang for
coition without emission.
25] Excursion:
the longest and most pretentious of Wordsworth's published poems (1814).
46]
Wordsworth has his place in the Excise. The Tory Earl of Lonsdale used his
influence to get Wordsworth the sinecure of Distributor of Stamps for the
county of Westmoreland. The following year Wordsworth dedicated The
Excursion to him.
55] Scott,
Rogers, Campbell, Moore and Crabbe. Samuel Rogers (1763-1855), author of The
Pleasures of Memory, and Thomas Campbell (1777-1844), author of The
Pleasures of Hope and numerous patriotic songs and exotic narratives, no
longer retain even the minor poetic reputation of the other three.
70] Titan: name
for the sun-god in Roman mythology.
73]
Byron refers to Paradise Lost, VII, 25-26 and probably also to the
following appeal for "fit audience though few."
79]
Sire ... Son: Charles I and II.
82]
Like Samuel: see 1 Samuel 28: 13-14.
88]
Castlereagh. Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh (1769-1822) had a brilliant
political career in a series of Tory governments, beginning with Pitt's and
ending with Liverpool's. At one time secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of
Ireland, he occupied the War Office and later the Foreign Office (1812-22).
Although Byron respected his courage, he detested his repressive and reactionary
policies, particularly as architect of the post-Napoleonic peace, which
re-established Austria in northern Italy.
90]
Erin: Ireland.
97]
orator. Castlereagh had a reputation for maladroit English. "How odd that you
should all be governed by a man who can neither think nor speak English" (Byron
to Hobhouse).
102] Ixion:
figure in Greek myth, bound in hell to a wheel, whose perpetual turning Byron
compares to Castlereagh's interminable speeches.
117]
Eutropius. A eunuch who was minister of the Roman Emperor Arcadius (378-408).
See also "intellectual eunuch" (xi) and "emasculated" (xv).
132]
"buff and blue." "Mr. Fox and the Whig Club of his time adopted an uniform of
blue and buff" (Moore's note).
136] Julian:
Julian the Apostate, Roman emperor (361-363), who reverted from Christianity to
the worship of the pagan gods.